[Translated article] Spinopelvic dissociation: Current concepts.

INTRODUCTION: Spinopelvic dissociation is an uncommon injury, but, at the same time, very serious, since it can associate important complications with high morbidity and mortality. Its low frequency means that the experience of the specialists who have to deal with it is often very limited. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the treatment indications based in classifications and surgery techniques. METHOD: A search for scientific articles from high-impact journals was performed through international databases, such as Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct and OVID. CONCLUSIONS: The management of the injury we are analyzing represents a challenge. The diagnosis is carried out through a meticulous anamnesis and physical examination, supported by imaging tests, where tomography acquires special relevance. The treatment is fundamentally surgical, reserved the conservative option for a few cases. Triangular fixation is nowadays considered the treatment of choice.

Spinopelvic dissociation: Current concepts. / Disociación espinopélvica, revisión de conceptos actuales.

INTRODUCTION: Spinopelvic dissociation is an uncommon injury, but, at the same time, very serious, since it can associate important complications with high morbidity and mortality. Its low frequency means that the experience of the specialists who have to deal with it is often very limited. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the treatment indications based in classifications and surgery techniques. METHOD: A search for scientific articles from high-impact journals was performed through international databases, such as Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct and OVID. CONCLUSIONS: The management of the injury we are analyzing represents a challenge. The diagnosis is carried out through a meticulous anamnesis and physical examination, supported by imaging tests, where tomography acquires special relevance. The treatment is fundamentally surgical, reserved the conservative option for a few cases. Triangular fixation is nowadays considered the treatment of choice.

Unestable knee osteochondritis dissecans: arthroscopic fixation with bio-absorbable device. / Osteocondritis disecante inestable de rodilla: fijación artroscópica con implante bioabsorbible.

INTRODUCTION: Knee ostheochondritis dissecans is an osteochondral disease, whose treatment is still debated. The purpose this study was to analyze the patients attached with bioabsorbable nail, assisted by arthroscopy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Analysis was performed using median and interquartile range (P25-P75), with a follow-up of 9 patients (10 knees) operated for stage III osteochondral lesions. After a minimum of 12 months, the KOOS, IKDC, satisfaction questionnaires were evaluated and a MR control was perfomed. RESULTS: Bone healing was observed in 80% of patients in the first year, with a delay in union in 20%. The median for age was 15 years. The average follow-up was 5.93 years. All cases were located in the internal condyle. The OCD lesions did not show comminution or necrosis. The 40% of stable lesions, according to preoperative MR, were unestable in arthroscopy and it were attached with internal nail. Two groups of osteochondral lesions were differentiated: juvenile OCD (60%) and adult OCD (40%); all of them were stage III lesions. IKDC questionnaire results were an improvement of 29.5 (22.25, 37.52). In the KOOS questionnaire, an improvement was obtained in symptoms of 18.07, in pain of 29.12, in daily living 25.53, in function (sports, recreational activities) of 35 and in quality of life of 34.42. CONCLUSIONS: The bioabsorbable nail is a valid, reproducible option for unestable lesions with lesion integrity, with great improvement in function, quality of life and with few complications.

Biomechanical models of in vitro constructs for spinopelvic osteosynthesis.

Spinopelvic lesions are the result of high-energy vertical trauma with axial skeletal overload where the spine impacts onto the sacrum, dissociating the lumbar spine from the pelvis. Therefore, lumbopelvic instrumentations are aimed to counteract these vertical forces, although various biomechanical aspects of the combinations of different constructs (with or without iliosacral screws) or the number of lumbar fixation levels (L5 or the combination of L5 with L4) are subject to controversy. The number of patients in each published series is too short, and the nature of the fixation is very different from one article to another, making comparison very difficult. In this paper the methodology for laboratory studies is discussed. The design of the test bench fixture, biomechanical testing protocol and data analysis are very important when inference to the clinical setting is desired.

Is the bone tissue of the femoral neck demineralised in patients with hip fracture?

The aim of this study is to establish the falsifiability of the "osteoporotic hypothesis" for hip fracture, according to which the bone density and mineral composition of bone tissue in patients with hip fracture is poorer than when no such fracture is present, and that this circumstance is relevant to the occurrence of a fracture. The study population consisted of forty patients treated with arthroplasty. Twenty patients with femoral neck fracture and another twenty with hip osteoarthritis received the same diagnostic protocol and the same antibiotic, anaesthetic, surgical and antithrombotic prophylaxis. Levels of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and vitamin D in blood, amongst other values, were determined, and five samples of bone tissue from the proximal femoral metaphysis were obtained and characterised by optical microscopy and microanalytical analysis. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups with respect to the trabecular number, area or thickness, or inter-trabecular distance. However, there were differences in the length of the trabeculae, which was greater in the patients with hip osteoarthritis (p = 0.002), but not when the groups were compared by gender. When compared by age, a greater inter-trabecular distance was observed in the patients aged over 75 years (p = 0.036) but there were no differences in the remaining parameters. Serum levels of Ca (p = 0.03), P (p < 0.01) and vitamin D (p < 0.01) were lower in the fracture group. In the quantitative microanalytical analysis, no significant differences were observed in bone levels of Ca or P or in the Ca/P index, nor was there any correlation between serum and levels of bone Ca or P (Ca-0.197:p = 0.314;P-0.274:p = 0.158).Multiple linear regression revealed no correlation between the diagnoses, vitamin D and bone levels of Ca or P. Despite the reduced serum levels of Ca and P in the patients with hip fracture, no correlation was observed with bone levels of Ca and P,which were similar in both groups. There were differences in the organic bone structure, in terms of length and inter-trabecular distance. For patients with osteoporosis, treatment should be aimed at increasing the synthesis of bone trabeculae to reinforce their structure. Nevertheless, no such treatment can prevent falls, and therefore no reduction in hip fractures amongst this population can be assured.

Age related changes in the bone microstructure in patients with femoral neck fractures.

BACKGROUND: The risk of femoral neck fracture progressively increases with age. However, the reasons behind this consistent increase in the fracture risk can't be completely justified by the decrease in the bone mineral density. The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between various bone structural features and age. STUDY DESIGN & METHODS: A total of 29 consecutive patients who suffered an intracapsular hip fracture and underwent joint replacement surgery between May 2012 and March 2013 were included in this study. A 2 cm × 1 cm Ø cylindrical trabecular bone sample was collected from the femoral heads and preserved in formaldehyde. Bone mineral density (BMD), microarchitecture, organic content and crystallography were analyzed using a Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, micro-CT scan, and high resolution magic-angle-spinning-nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR), respectively. Statistical correlations were made using Spearman´s or Pearson´s correlation tests depending on the distribution of the continuous variables. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 79.83 ± 9.31 years. A moderate negative correlation was observed between age and the hydrogen content in bone (1H), which is an indirect estimate to quantify the organic matrix (r = -0.512, p = 0.005). No correlations were observed between BMD, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, phosphorous content, apatite crystal size, and age (r = 0.06, p = 0.755; r = -0.008, p = 0.967; r = -0.046, p = 0.812; r = -0.152, p = 0.430, respectively). A weak positive correlation was observed between Charlson´s comorbidity index (CCI) and c-axis of the hydroxiapatite (HA) crystals (r = -0.400, p = 0.035). CONCLUSION: The femoral head relative protein content progressively decreases with age. BMD was not correlated with other structural bone parameters and age. Patients with higher comorbidity scores had larger HA crystals. The present results suggest that the progressive increase in the hip fracture risk in elderly patients could be partially explained by the lower bone protein content in this age group.

El cazador cazado. La SECOT necesita una refundación para afrontar la cuarta revolución industrial / The hunted hunter. SECOT needs a refoundation to face the fourth industrial revolution

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Atypical femoral fractures related to bisphosphonate treatment: issues and controversies related to their surgical management.

AIMS: Treatment guidelines for atypical femoral fractures associated with bisphosphonates have not been established. We conducted a systematic review of the treatment of atypical femoral fractures first, to evaluate the outcomes of surgical fixation of complete atypical fractures and secondly, to assess whether prophylactic surgery is necessary for incomplete atypical fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case reports and series were identified from the PubMed database and were included if they described the treatment of atypical femoral fractures. In total, 77 publications met our inclusion criteria and 733 patients with 834 atypical complete or incomplete femoral fractures were identified. RESULTS: For complete fractures, internal fixation was predominantly achieved by intramedullary nailing. The mean time to healing post-operatively was 7.3 months (2 to 31). Revision surgery for nonunion or implant failure was needed in 77 fractures (12.6%). A greater percentage of fractures treated with plate fixation (31.3%) required revision surgery than those treated with intramedullary nailing (12.9%) (p < 0.01). Non-operative treatment of incomplete fractures failed and surgery was eventually needed in nearly half of the patients (47%), whereas prophylactic surgery was successful and achieved a 97% rate of healing. CONCLUSION: Intramedullary nailing is the first-line treatment for a complete fracture, although the risk of delayed healing and revision surgery seems to be higher than with a typical femoral fracture. Non-operative treatment does not appear to be a reliable way of treating an incomplete fracture: prophylactic intramedullary nailing should be considered if the patient is in intractable pain. Radiographs of the opposite side should be obtained routinely looking for an asymptomatic fracture. Bisphosphonates must be discontinued but ongoing metabolic management in the form of calcium and/or vitamin D supplements is advisable. Teriparatide therapy can be considered as an alternative treatment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:295-302.

Planificación preoperatoria digital en artroplastia total de rodilla / Digital preoperative planning in total knee arthroplasty

La planificación preoperatoria es una acción fundamental y rutinaria dentro del proceso de cualquier intervención quirúrgica. Gracias a la planificación preoperatoria el cirujano puede realizar la intervención de forma más previsible y con más garantías de obtener mejores resultados clínicos. Encontramos numerosas publicaciones sobre planificación en artroplastia total de cadera, pero escasas sobre la planificación en artroplastia total de rodilla. El software de planificación digital permite al cirujano intervenir digitalmente al paciente realizando numerosas mediciones, recortes, ajustes biomecánicos y la selección de los implantes más adecuados. En este trabajo realizamos una actualización sobre la planificación preoperatoria digital en artroplastia total de rodilla. Las ventajas e inconvenientes de su uso, los factores a tener en cuenta y las nuevas tecnologías que en los próximos años prevemos se impondrán en nuestra especialidad

Preoperative planning is a fundamental and routine action within the process of any surgical intervention. Thanks to preoperative planning, the surgeon can perform the surgery more predictably and with more guarantees of better clinical results. The digital planning software allows the surgeon to digitally operate the patient making numerous measurements, cuts, biomechanical adjustments and the selection of the most suitable implants. In this paper we perform an update on the preoperative digital planning in Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology. The advantages and disadvantages of its use, the factors to take into account and the new technologies that in the next years we foresee will be the standard of care in our specialty

Protocols for massive blood transfusion: when and why, and potential complications.

PURPOSE: An update paper on massive bleeding after major trauma. A review of protocols to address massive bleeding, and its possible complications, including coagulation abnormalities, complications related to blood storage, immunosuppression and infection, lung injury associated with transfusion, and hypothermia is carried out. METHODS: Literature review and discussion with authors' experience. RESULTS: Massive bleeding is an acute life-threatening complication of major trauma, and consequently its prompt diagnosis and treatment is of overwhelming importance. Treatment requires rapid surgical management together with the massive infusion of colloid and blood. CONCLUSIONS: Since massive transfusion provokes further problems in patients who are already severely traumatized and anaemic, once this course of action has been decided upon, a profound knowledge of its potential complications, careful monitoring and proper follow-up are all essential. To diagnose this bleeding, most authors favour, as the main first choice tool, a full-body CT scan (head to pelvis), in non-critical severe trauma cases. In addition, focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST, an acronym that highlights the necessity of rapid performance) is a very important diagnostic test for abdominal and thoracic bleeding. Furthermore, urgent surgical intervention should be undertaken for patients with significant free intraabdominal fluid and haemodynamic instability. Although the clinical situation and the blood haemoglobin concentration are the key factors considered in this rapid decision-making context, laboratory markers should not be based on a single haematocrit value, as its sensitivity to significant bleeding may be very low. Serum lactate and base deficit are very sensitive markers for detecting and monitoring the extent of bleeding and shock, in conjunction with repeated combined measurements of prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen and platelets.

Concordancia en el diagnóstico radiológico de las fracturas del raquis toracolumbar / Concordance in the radiological diagnosis of thoracolumbar spine fractures

Introducción. Las fracturas del raquis toracolumbar son muy frecuentes y graves, siendo imprescindible su diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento adecuado para obtener buenos resultados clínicos. Para este propósito se han descrito numerosas clasificaciones e índices. Objetivo. Estudiar la validez externa de las mediciones radiográficas y de la tomografía computarizada (TC) para las clasificaciones más usadas y decidir el tipo de tratamiento que precisan. La hipótesis operativa consiste en la existencia de validez externa de las mediciones radiográficas. Material y método. Se seleccionó una muestra de pacientes con fractura toracolumbar. Tres especialistas de raquis y un médico residente realizaron mediciones sobre imágenes radiográficas anteroposterior y lateral, así como sobre cortes coronales, sagitales y axiales de TC, clasificándose las fracturas como estables o inestables, evaluándose el grado de concordancia intra e interobservador, basados en un observador estándar. Se estudiaron las variables índice sagital de Farcy, acuñamiento lateral, índice de Beck, angulación regional traumática y ocupación del canal. Resultados. Todos los indicadores estudiados, excepto el acuñamiento lateral, presentaron un alto grado de concordancia. Conclusiones. Los determinantes de inestabilidad estudiados en radiografías simples y TC que han obtenido significación estadística son fiables y precisos para caracterizar las fracturas toracolumbares y, por tanto, para indicar un tratamiento adecuado (AU)

Introduction. Thoracolumbar spine fractures are frequent and severe. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment to obtain good clinical results is essential, with many classifications being proposed for this purpose. Objective. To determine the external validity of radiographic and computed tomography (CT) measurements for the most used classifications, and decide on the type of treatment required. The working hypothesis is the existence of external validity of radiographic measurements. Material and method. A sample of patients with thoracolumbar fracture was selected. Three spine specialists and a resident performed measurements on anteroposterior and lateral radiographic images as well as coronal, sagittal and axial CT slices. Fractures were classified as stable or unstable, evaluating the degree of intra-and interobserver agreement based on a standard observer. Sagittal index of Farcy, lateral wedging, Beck Index, traumatic regional angulation and channel occupancy were studied. Results. All indicators studied, except the lateral wedging, showed a high degree of concordance. Conclusions. Instability determinants studied with radiographs and CT, which had obtained statistical significance, are reliable and accurate for the classification of thoracolumbar fractures and, therefore, to indicate an appropriate treatment (AU)

Complicaciones de la reparación artroscópica del ligamento cruzado anterior sin ingreso hospitalario / Postoperative complications of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction after ambulatory surgery

Objetivo: Estudiar las complicaciones postoperatorias de la ligamentoplastia artroscópica del LCA realizada ambulatoriamente (CMA) comparándola con la realizada mediante hospitalización (no-CMA). Material y método: Cohorte histórica sobre 342 pacientes (115 CMA vs. 227 no-CMA) intervenidos de ligamentoplastia primaria artroscópica del LCA (2004-2012). Revisión de variables sociodemográficas, quirúrgicas y de hospitalización. Estudio de complicaciones precoces (primeros 60 días) incluyendo visitas a urgencias hospitalarias y reingresos. Análisis descriptivo y bivariado de distribución entre grupos: realización de la técnica en CMA o no. Test Chi-Cuadrado para variables cualitativas y test U-Mann-Whitney para cuantitativas. Límite significación p < 0,05. Resultados: Un 13,2% de visitas a urgencias (media de 1,24 visitas), demora media de 8,22 días tras el alta. Complicaciones: dolor no controlado con analgesia (6,7%), hemartros a tensión precisando artrocentesis evacuadora (4,4%), sensación febril (3,2%), trombosis venosa profunda (0,6%), celulitis (0,6%), artritis séptica con desbridamiento artroscópico (0,3%) y otras (1,2%) como problemas con la inmovilización. Un 2,3% de ingresos para vigilancia y seguimiento de la herida quirúrgica. En el análisis bivariado no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos en las características sociodemográficas de los pacientes ni en las complicaciones registradas. Discusión: Las complicaciones más frecuentes registradas fueron el dolor agudo, el hemartros y la sensación febril. Las graves (trombosis venosa profunda, artritis séptica o necesidad de reingreso hospitalario) fueron excepcionales. La CMA de reparación artroscópica del LCA es una técnica frecuente que se puede realizar de forma segura mediante cirugía sin ingreso hospitalario con una tasa global de complicaciones bajas sin diferencias entre hospitalización o sin ingreso (AU)

Objective: To study postoperative complications of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction performed as an outpatient compared with same surgery performed as a regular admission (inpatient). Material and method: A study was conducted on a historical cohort of 342 patients (115 outpatients vs 227 inpatients) who underwent arthroscopic ACL primary ligamentoplasty (2004-2012). A review was performed on the demographic, surgical and hospital variables. A study was made of early complications (60 days postoperative) including visits to emergency department and readmissions. A descriptive and bivariate distribution analysis was performed between groups, with the grouping criterion: performing of the surgery with or without admission. The Chi-square test was used for qualitative variables and Mann-Whitney U test for quantitative. Limit significance p < 0.05. Results: Overall, there were 13.2% emergency department visits (mean of 1.24 visits) with an average delay of 8.22 days after discharge. Complications: pain not controlled with analgesia (6.7%), hemarthrosis that required arthrocentesis (4.4%), fever (3.2%), deep vein thrombosis (0.6%), cellulitis (0.6%), septic arthritis that required arthroscopic debridement (0.3%), and others (1.2%) including problems with immobilization. The hospital readmissions (2.3%) were for surveillance and monitoring of the surgical wound. In the bivariate analysis no statistically significant differences were found between groups as regards the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients or the complications recorded. Discussion: The most frequent complications recorded were acute pain, hemarthrosis and fever. Serious complications (deep vein thrombosis, septic arthritis or need for hospital readmission) were rare. Outpatient arthroscopic ACL repair is a common technique that can be performed safely by surgery without admission, with an overall low complication rate with no differences between outpatients and inpatients (AU)

Luxación traumática del tendón tibial posterior por avulsión del retináculo flexor. Reconstrucción con suturas con anclajes / Traumatic dislocation of posterior tibial tendon by avulsion of flexor retinacular release. Reconstruction with suture anchors

Introducción: La luxación traumática del tendón tibial posterior (TTP) es una entidad con muy baja prevalencia. Debuta con dolor y resalte retromaleolar medial tras un traumatismo en inversión del tobillo con la práctica deportiva. El diagnóstico se basa en la exploración clínica, apoyado en pruebas de imagen. El tratamiento debe ser quirúrgico. Caso clínico: Varón de 28 años que presenta giro forzado del tobillo en inversión del pie y dorsiflexión del tobillo, mientras realizaba una carrera. Es atendido en urgencias donde se trata como esguince de tobillo con vendaje elástico. Una vez recuperado comienza la práctica deportiva notando un resalte con dolor en el tobillo. En la exploración física se reproduce el resalte del TTP con maniobras de inversión y dorsiflexión forzada. Se completa el estudio con ecografía y RMN. El paciente se interviene quirúrgicamente mediante reinserción del retináculo flexor, quedando un tobillo estable y sin resalte. A los 3 meses postoperatorios el paciente reinicia su práctica deportiva. Conclusión: Tras el diagnóstico clínico de luxación del TTP, el tratamiento quirúrgico mediante reinserción del retináculo flexor consiguió un excelente resultado funcional (AU)

Introduction: Traumatic dislocation of the posterior tibial tendon (PTT) has a very low prevalence. It presents with pain and recurrent snapping on the posterior side of the medial malleolus after an ankle sprain while practicing sports. The diagnosis is based on clinical examination, supported by imaging techniques. The treatment must be always surgical. Case report: A 28 year old man sprained ankle his ankle while jogging. He was treated in an emergency department with an elastic bandage. Once he recovered, he went back to running, noticing a projection with ankle pain. In the physical examination the PTT was reproduced with inversion maneuvers and forced dorsiflexion. Ultrasound and MRI were performed on the ankle. The patient was operated on, leaving a stable ankle with no projection. Three months later he had no pain and restarted his physical activities. Conclusion: Surgical treatment of PTT dislocation by re-anchoring the flexor retinacula provides an excellent functional outcome (AU)

Traumatic dislocation of posterior tibial tendon by avulsion of flexor retinacular release. Reconstruction with suture anchors.

INTRODUCTION: Traumatic dislocation of the posterior tibial tendon (PTT) has a very low prevalence. It presents with pain and recurrent snapping on the posterior side of the medial malleolus after an ankle sprain while practicing sports. The diagnosis is based on clinical examination, supported by imaging techniques. The treatment must be always surgical. CASE REPORT: A 28 year old man sprained ankle his ankle while jogging. He was treated in an emergency department with an elastic bandage. Once he recovered, he went back to running, noticing a projection with ankle pain. In the physical examination the PTT was reproduced with inversion maneuvers and forced dorsiflexion. Ultrasound and MRI were performed on the ankle. The patient was operated on, leaving a stable ankle with no projection. Three months later he had no pain and restarted his physical activities. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of PTT dislocation by re-anchoring the flexor retinacula provides an excellent functional outcome.

Results of uncemented hemiarthroplasty as primary treatment of severe proximal humerus fractures in the elderly.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyze functional and radiologic results of a consecutive series of elderly patients who underwent uncemented hemiarthroplasty as primary treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with severe proximal humerus fracture (three or four fragments and three- or four-fragment fracture dislocations) were treated with uncemented proximal humerus hemiarthroplasty. Patients were evaluated using the Constant-Murley Score, the Quick scale Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Quick-DASH) Score, range of motion, residual pain, radiographic parameters, and complications including clinical and radiologic data of mobilization. RESULTS: After a mean postoperative period of 20.57 months (range 12-42 months), the mean Constant-Murley Score was 44 points (20-57), the mean Quick-DASH score was 24 points (16-39), postoperative pain according to a mean visual analogue scale was 1 (0-8), active abduction was 50° (30-135), and active flexion 70° (20-120). There were no cases of infection, deep vein thrombosis, dislocation, blood transfusions, or reoperation because of prosthetic loosening. Bivariate analysis of demographic data, radiologic findings, and other variables showed associations between duration of surgery and a higher Quick-DASH score (0.606; p = 0.037), and the number of sessions of rehabilitation with a higher Quick-DASH score (0.708; p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: The results of treatment of severe proximal humerus fractures in the elderly with an uncemented hemiarthroplasty are safe and promising; however, a comparative cohort study (cemented vs. uncemented) and long-term follow-up are still needed.

Concordance in the radiological diagnosis of thoracolumbar spine fractures.

INTRODUCTION: Thoracolumbar spine fractures are frequent and severe. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment to obtain good clinical results is essential, with many classifications being proposed for this purpose. OBJECTIVE: To determine the external validity of radiographic and computed tomography (CT) measurements for the most used classifications, and decide on the type of treatment required. The working hypothesis is the existence of external validity of radiographic measurements. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A sample of patients with thoracolumbar fracture was selected. Three spine specialists and a resident performed measurements on anteroposterior and lateral radiographic images as well as coronal, sagittal and axial CT slices. Fractures were classified as stable or unstable, evaluating the degree of intra-and interobserver agreement based on a standard observer. Sagittal index of Farcy, lateral wedging, Beck Index, traumatic regional angulation and channel occupancy were studied. RESULTS: All indicators studied, except the lateral wedging, showed a high degree of concordance. CONCLUSIONS: Instability determinants studied with radiographs and CT, which had obtained statistical significance, are reliable and accurate for the classification of thoracolumbar fractures and, therefore, to indicate an appropriate treatment.

Postoperative complications of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction after ambulatory surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To study postoperative complications of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction performed as an outpatient compared with same surgery performed as a regular admission (inpatient). MATERIAL AND METHOD: A study was conducted on a historical cohort of 342 patients (115 outpatients vs 227 inpatients) who underwent arthroscopic ACL primary ligamentoplasty (2004-2012). A review was performed on the demographic, surgical and hospital variables. A study was made of early complications (60 days postoperative) including visits to emergency department and readmissions. A descriptive and bivariate distribution analysis was performed between groups, with the grouping criterion: performing of the surgery with or without admission. The Chi-square test was used for qualitative variables and Mann-Whitney U test for quantitative. Limit significance p<0.05. RESULTS: Overall, there were 13.2% emergency department visits (mean of 1.24 visits) with an average delay of 8.22 days after discharge. COMPLICATIONS: pain not controlled with analgesia (6.7%), hemarthrosis that required arthrocentesis (4.4%), fever (3.2%), deep vein thrombosis (0.6%), cellulitis (0.6%), septic arthritis that required arthroscopic debridement (0.3%), and others (1.2%) including problems with immobilization. The hospital readmissions (2.3%) were for surveillance and monitoring of the surgical wound. In the bivariate analysis no statistically significant differences were found between groups as regards the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients or the complications recorded. DISCUSSION: The most frequent complications recorded were acute pain, hemarthrosis and fever. Serious complications (deep vein thrombosis, septic arthritis or need for hospital readmission) were rare. Outpatient arthroscopic ACL repair is a common technique that can be performed safely by surgery without admission, with an overall low complication rate with no differences between outpatients and inpatients.

Concordancia interobservador de la clasificación de Eaton-Littler de la artrosis trapeciometacarpiana / Inter-observer agreement on the Eaton-Littler classification of trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis

Objetivo. Estudiar la concordancia de la clasificación radiográfica de Eaton-Littler para el diagnóstico de la artrosis de la articulación trapeciometacarpiana (ATM). La hipótesis nula consideró que la concordancia era debida al azar, y la alternativa que la concordancia no era debida al azar. Material y método. Se estudiaron las radiografías de 46 pacientes con síntomas y signos clínicos de artrosis de la ATM. Se clasificaron independientemente por 5 facultativos: tres expertos en extremidad superior, uno en radiodiagnóstico y un residente en COT de cuarto año. Se estudió la concordancia de las observaciones mediante el índice kappa global. Discusión. El diagnóstico de la artrosis de la ATM se basa fundamentalmente en la clínica, siendo la radiografía un método complementario de confirmación. La clasificación de Eaton-Littler propone 4 estadios evolutivos de la enfermedad, con una implicación terapéutica. Conclusiones. La concordancia de la clasificación radiográfica de Eaton-Littler es moderada (AU)

Objective. To study the concordance of the radiographic classification of Eaton-Littler for the diagnosis of basal thumb joint osteoarthritis (BTJO). The null hypothesis was that the concordance was due to chance and the alternative was that the concordance was not due to chance. Material and method. We have observed the x-rays of 46 patients with symptoms and clinical signs of BTJO. They were independently classified by five physicians: three experts in upper extremity, one in radiology and a fourth year resident of Orthopedics. We studied the concordance in the observations through the global Kappa. Discussion. The diagnosis of BTJO is based primarily on clinical exploration, radiology is a complementary method of confirmation. The classification of Eaton-Littler proposes 4 stages of the disease, with a therapeutic involvement. Conclusions. The concordance of the radiographic classification of Eaton-Littler is moderate (AU)